LLM Dispute Resolution
The calculations an arbitration practitioner cannot get wrong: the Model Law time limits from appointment to setting aside, pre-award interest on a money claim (simple or compound), the apportionment of costs in proportion to success, and the zone of possible agreement between the parties’ expected outcomes.
Lineage
- Conquest Designer University, 2026 — authored from the brief and the UNCITRAL, ICC and UNIDROIT texts; no prior institution is claimed
Final research project
The computable parts of an arbitration: deadlines, interest, costs and the zone of settlement
Syllabus
- Procedure: the Model Law time limits (arts. 11, 13, 16, 33, 34) and how they are counted
- Remedies: interest for failure to pay money, simple and compound (UNIDROIT art. 7.4.9)
- Costs: the loser-pays principle and apportionment by success (UNCITRAL Rules art. 42; ICC Rules art. 38)
- Negotiation: expected value, BATNA, reservation points and the settlement zone
Reference
- Model Law art. 13(2)
- challenge within 15 days of becoming aware
- Model Law art. 16(3)
- court review of a jurisdiction ruling within 30 days of notice
- Model Law art. 33
- correction, interpretation or an additional award: request within 30 days of receipt
- Model Law art. 34(3)
- setting aside: no application after three months from receipt of the award
- UNCITRAL Rules art. 42(1)
- costs borne in principle by the unsuccessful party; the tribunal may apportion them
- Settlement zone
- claimant floor p·A − Cc; respondent ceiling p·A + Cr (risk-neutral parties, each bearing its own costs)
Units
Model Law time limit · Interest on a money award · Apportionment of costs by success · Settlement zone from expected outcomes
Role when narrated: You are an international arbitration practitioner advising a client. State the rule and where it comes from, apply it to the dates and sums, and say plainly which parts depend on the seat, the rules chosen or the tribunal’s discretion.
Model Law time limit · model_law_deadline
Try with the exampleFrom the event that starts the clock, by what date must the step be taken under the UNCITRAL Model Law?
Reference: UNCITRAL Model Law arts. 11(3)(a), 13(2), 16(3), 33(1), 33(3), 34(3); counting: the trigger day excluded, months to the same date or the month’s last day (the seat’s law governs computation)
Returns
- article
- The Model Law provision
- period
- The period, in days or months
- deadline
- Last day, YYYY-MM-DD
The example
{
"event": "set_aside",
"triggerDate": "2026-03-16"
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-dispute-resolution/model_law_deadline with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.
Interest on a money award · award_interest
Example filled in — consult belowHow much interest accrues on the sum from the due date to the date of the award, simple or compounded annually?
Reference: UNIDROIT Principles (2016) art. 7.4.9: interest runs from the time payment is due to the time of payment; day count actual/365; compounding is for the tribunal to decide
Returns
- days
- Days elapsed
- years
- Days ÷ 365
- interest
- Interest accrued
- total
- Principal + interest
The example
{
"principal": 2500000,
"annualRate": 0.07,
"fromDate": "2024-01-15",
"toDate": "2026-06-30",
"method": "simple"
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-dispute-resolution/award_interest with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.
Apportionment of costs by success · cost_apportionment
Try with the exampleIf costs follow the event in proportion to success, who pays how much of whose costs, and what is the net?
Reference: UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (2013) art. 42(1): costs borne in principle by the unsuccessful party, apportionment if reasonable; ICC Rules (2021) art. 38(4)–(5)
Returns
- successRate
- Awarded ÷ claimed, at most 1
- respondentPaysOfClaimantCosts
- Success × claimant costs
- claimantPaysOfRespondentCosts
- (1 − success) × respondent costs
- netPayableByRespondent
- The difference (negative: the claimant pays)
The example
{
"claimedAmount": 2000000,
"awardedAmount": 1500000,
"claimantCosts": 400000,
"respondentCosts": 300000
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-dispute-resolution/cost_apportionment with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.
Settlement zone from expected outcomes · settlement_zone
Try with the exampleGiven the chance of winning and the cost of going on, between what sums should both sides prefer to settle?
Reference: Fisher & Ury (1981) Getting to Yes — BATNA; Mnookin, Peppet & Tulumello (2000) Beyond Winning; decision analysis with risk-neutral parties, each bearing its own costs
Returns
- claimantFloor
- p·A − claimant costs
- respondentCeiling
- p·A + respondent costs
- zoneExists
- Ceiling ≥ floor
- zoneWidth
- Ceiling − floor
- midpoint
- A focal settlement figure
The example
{
"awardIfClaimantWins": 1000000,
"probabilityClaimantWins": 0.6,
"claimantCostsToAward": 150000,
"respondentCostsToAward": 120000
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-dispute-resolution/settlement_zone with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.