{
  "id": "competency:llm-dispute-resolution",
  "code": "CDU-LAW-DRS-900",
  "level": "LLM",
  "name": "LLM Dispute Resolution",
  "faculty": "Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management",
  "lineage": [
    {
      "institution": "Conquest Designer University",
      "year": 2026,
      "note": "authored from the brief and the UNCITRAL, ICC and UNIDROIT texts; no prior institution is claimed"
    }
  ],
  "researchProject": "The computable parts of an arbitration: deadlines, interest, costs and the zone of settlement",
  "description": "The calculations an arbitration practitioner cannot get wrong: the Model Law time limits from appointment to setting aside, pre-award interest on a money claim (simple or compound), the apportionment of costs in proportion to success, and the zone of possible agreement between the parties’ expected outcomes.",
  "syllabus": [
    "Procedure: the Model Law time limits (arts. 11, 13, 16, 33, 34) and how they are counted",
    "Remedies: interest for failure to pay money, simple and compound (UNIDROIT art. 7.4.9)",
    "Costs: the loser-pays principle and apportionment by success (UNCITRAL Rules art. 42; ICC Rules art. 38)",
    "Negotiation: expected value, BATNA, reservation points and the settlement zone"
  ],
  "reference": {
    "Model Law art. 13(2)": "challenge within 15 days of becoming aware",
    "Model Law art. 16(3)": "court review of a jurisdiction ruling within 30 days of notice",
    "Model Law art. 33": "correction, interpretation or an additional award: request within 30 days of receipt",
    "Model Law art. 34(3)": "setting aside: no application after three months from receipt of the award",
    "UNCITRAL Rules art. 42(1)": "costs borne in principle by the unsuccessful party; the tribunal may apportion them",
    "Settlement zone": "claimant floor p·A − Cc; respondent ceiling p·A + Cr (risk-neutral parties, each bearing its own costs)"
  },
  "role": "You are an international arbitration practitioner advising a client. State the rule and where it comes from, apply it to the dates and sums, and say plainly which parts depend on the seat, the rules chosen or the tribunal’s discretion.",
  "feeUsd": 1,
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "qualification": {
    "award": "LLM",
    "nqfLevel": 9,
    "qualificationType": "Master's Degree (HEQSF qualification type 9a)",
    "totalCredits": 180,
    "minCreditsAtExitLevel": 120,
    "iscedFields": [
      "042"
    ],
    "standards": [
      "UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985, with amendments as adopted in 2006)",
      "UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (as revised in 2010, with art. 1(4) as adopted in 2013) — art. 42 costs",
      "ICC Arbitration Rules (2021) — art. 38 decision as to the costs of the arbitration",
      "UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2016) — art. 7.4.9 interest for failure to pay money",
      "Chartered Institute of Arbitrators — international arbitration pathway (the practitioner competences the units serve)"
    ],
    "registration": "not registered"
  },
  "modules": [
    {
      "code": "CDU-LAW-DRS-900-901",
      "title": "Coursework — the executable units",
      "nqfLevel": 9,
      "credits": 60,
      "prerequisites": [],
      "coRequisites": [],
      "outcomes": [
        "answer every unit of the qualification against its published reference, with the working shown"
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "formative": [
          "worked examples re-run against the published reference",
          "seeded practice scenarios, deterministic per (pan, unit, attempt)"
        ],
        "summative": "every unit passed once through the seeded assessment (the seeded assessment room)",
        "passMark": 50,
        "subminimum": 40,
        "moderation": "internally assessed by the unit itself — its reference implementation is the marker; the working is published so anyone can re-run the mark (D-13.1 — no model marks anything)"
      },
      "unitIds": [
        "model_law_deadline",
        "award_interest",
        "cost_apportionment",
        "settlement_zone"
      ],
      "notionalHours": 600
    },
    {
      "code": "CDU-LAW-DRS-900-902",
      "title": "Research report",
      "nqfLevel": 9,
      "credits": 120,
      "prerequisites": [
        "CDU-LAW-DRS-900-901"
      ],
      "coRequisites": [],
      "outcomes": [
        "The computable parts of an arbitration: deadlines, interest, costs and the zone of settlement"
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "formative": [
          "worked examples re-run against the published reference",
          "seeded practice scenarios, deterministic per (pan, unit, attempt)"
        ],
        "summative": "the research report, assessed against the qualification’s published reference block",
        "passMark": 50,
        "subminimum": 40,
        "moderation": "internally assessed by the unit itself — its reference implementation is the marker; the working is published so anyone can re-run the mark (D-13.1 — no model marks anything)"
      },
      "unitIds": [],
      "notionalHours": 1200
    }
  ],
  "units": [
    {
      "id": "model_law_deadline",
      "name": "Model Law time limit",
      "answers": "From the event that starts the clock, by what date must the step be taken under the UNCITRAL Model Law?",
      "example": {
        "event": "set_aside",
        "triggerDate": "2026-03-16"
      },
      "reference": "UNCITRAL Model Law arts. 11(3)(a), 13(2), 16(3), 33(1), 33(3), 34(3); counting: the trigger day excluded, months to the same date or the month’s last day (the seat’s law governs computation)",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "event": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "The step whose time limit is wanted",
            "oneOf": [
              "appoint_arbitrator",
              "challenge_arbitrator",
              "court_review_of_jurisdiction",
              "request_correction",
              "request_additional_award",
              "set_aside"
            ]
          },
          "triggerDate": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "The date the clock starts (receipt, awareness, notice), YYYY-MM-DD"
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "article": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "The Model Law provision"
          },
          "period": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "The period, in days or months"
          },
          "deadline": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Last day, YYYY-MM-DD"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "award_interest",
      "name": "Interest on a money award",
      "answers": "How much interest accrues on the sum from the due date to the date of the award, simple or compounded annually?",
      "example": {
        "principal": 2500000,
        "annualRate": 0.07,
        "fromDate": "2024-01-15",
        "toDate": "2026-06-30",
        "method": "simple"
      },
      "reference": "UNIDROIT Principles (2016) art. 7.4.9: interest runs from the time payment is due to the time of payment; day count actual/365; compounding is for the tribunal to decide",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "principal": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "The sum due",
            "min": 0
          },
          "annualRate": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Annual interest rate, 0–1",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 1
          },
          "fromDate": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Date payment was due, YYYY-MM-DD"
          },
          "toDate": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Date interest runs to, YYYY-MM-DD"
          },
          "method": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "simple, or compounded annually",
            "oneOf": [
              "simple",
              "compound_annual"
            ]
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "days": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Days elapsed"
          },
          "years": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Days ÷ 365"
          },
          "interest": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Interest accrued"
          },
          "total": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Principal + interest"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "cost_apportionment",
      "name": "Apportionment of costs by success",
      "answers": "If costs follow the event in proportion to success, who pays how much of whose costs, and what is the net?",
      "example": {
        "claimedAmount": 2000000,
        "awardedAmount": 1500000,
        "claimantCosts": 400000,
        "respondentCosts": 300000
      },
      "reference": "UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (2013) art. 42(1): costs borne in principle by the unsuccessful party, apportionment if reasonable; ICC Rules (2021) art. 38(4)–(5)",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "claimedAmount": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Amount claimed",
            "min": 0.01
          },
          "awardedAmount": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Amount awarded",
            "min": 0
          },
          "claimantCosts": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Claimant’s reasonable costs",
            "min": 0
          },
          "respondentCosts": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Respondent’s reasonable costs",
            "min": 0
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "successRate": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Awarded ÷ claimed, at most 1"
          },
          "respondentPaysOfClaimantCosts": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Success × claimant costs"
          },
          "claimantPaysOfRespondentCosts": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "(1 − success) × respondent costs"
          },
          "netPayableByRespondent": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "The difference (negative: the claimant pays)"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "settlement_zone",
      "name": "Settlement zone from expected outcomes",
      "answers": "Given the chance of winning and the cost of going on, between what sums should both sides prefer to settle?",
      "example": {
        "awardIfClaimantWins": 1000000,
        "probabilityClaimantWins": 0.6,
        "claimantCostsToAward": 150000,
        "respondentCostsToAward": 120000
      },
      "reference": "Fisher & Ury (1981) Getting to Yes — BATNA; Mnookin, Peppet & Tulumello (2000) Beyond Winning; decision analysis with risk-neutral parties, each bearing its own costs",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "awardIfClaimantWins": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Expected award if the claimant wins",
            "min": 0
          },
          "probabilityClaimantWins": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Shared estimate of the claimant’s chance, 0–1",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 1
          },
          "claimantCostsToAward": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Claimant’s further costs to an award",
            "min": 0
          },
          "respondentCostsToAward": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Respondent’s further costs to an award",
            "min": 0
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "claimantFloor": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "p·A − claimant costs"
          },
          "respondentCeiling": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "p·A + respondent costs"
          },
          "zoneExists": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "Ceiling ≥ floor"
          },
          "zoneWidth": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Ceiling − floor"
          },
          "midpoint": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "A focal settlement figure"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}