LLM Corporate, Environmental & Mining Law
The parts of South African corporate and mining law that reduce to a calculation: the mineral royalty percentage for refined and unrefined resources, the solvency and liquidity test before a distribution, the term and renewal of prospecting and mining rights, and the beneficial-interest disclosure and mandatory-offer thresholds.
Lineage
- Conquest Designer University, 2026 — authored from the brief and the South African statutes it names; no prior institution is claimed
Final research project
The statute as a formula: royalty, solvency, tenure and control in South African mining companies
Syllabus
- Mineral royalties: EBIT, gross sales, the refined and unrefined formulae and their caps (Royalty Act s4)
- Capital maintenance: the solvency and liquidity test for distributions (Companies Act ss4, 46)
- Mineral tenure: prospecting and mining rights, their terms and renewals (MPRDA)
- Control: 5% disclosure steps and the 35% mandatory offer (Companies Act ss122–123)
Reference
- Royalty (refined)
- Y% = 0.5 + EBIT ÷ (gross sales × 12.5) × 100, at most 5%
- Royalty (unrefined)
- Y% = 0.5 + EBIT ÷ (gross sales × 9) × 100, at most 7%; never below 0.5%
- Solvency and liquidity
- assets ≥ liabilities, fairly valued; and able to pay debts as they fall due for 12 months (s4(1))
- Mineral rights
- prospecting: ≤ 5 years, renewable once ≤ 3; mining: ≤ 30 years, renewable ≤ 30 at a time
- Securities thresholds
- notify at every whole multiple of 5% (s122(1)); mandatory offer at 35% (s123)
Units
Mineral royalty percentage and amount · Solvency and liquidity test · Term and renewal of a mineral right · Disclosure steps and the mandatory offer
Role when narrated: You are counsel to a South African mining company. Cite the section, apply it to the numbers, and distinguish what the statute decides from what needs the regulator, the Panel or a court.
Mineral royalty percentage and amount · mineral_royalty
Example filled in — consult belowWhat royalty percentage and amount does the Royalty Act impose for this year’s gross sales and EBIT?
Reference: Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act 28 of 2008 s4: refined 0.5 + EBIT/(gross sales × 12.5) × 100, capped at 5%; unrefined × 9, capped at 7%
Returns
- royaltyPercentage
- Y%, between 0.5 and the cap
- royalty
- Y% × gross sales
- capped
- The cap applied
The example
{
"condition": "refined",
"grossSales": 500000000,
"ebit": 120000000
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-corporate-environmental--mining-law/mineral_royalty with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.
Solvency and liquidity test · solvency_liquidity
Try with the exampleWould the company still satisfy the solvency and liquidity test immediately after this distribution, and what is the most it could distribute?
Reference: Companies Act 71 of 2008 s4(1)(a) (assets ≥ liabilities, fairly valued) and s4(1)(b) (able to pay debts as they become due for 12 months); s46(1)(b) (applied immediately after the distribution)
Returns
- solventAfter
- Assets − distribution ≥ liabilities
- liquidAfter
- Cash − distribution + inflows ≥ debts due
- passes
- Both limbs satisfied
- maximumDistribution
- The larger distribution both limbs would still allow
The example
{
"assetsFairValue": 50000000,
"liabilitiesFairValue": 32000000,
"distribution": 5000000,
"cashOnHand": 6000000,
"inflowsNext12Months": 40000000,
"debtsDueNext12Months": 39000000
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-corporate-environmental--mining-law/solvency_liquidity with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.
Term and renewal of a mineral right · mineral_right_term
Try with the exampleFor a prospecting or mining right granted on this date, when does it expire, and how far can renewal take it?
Reference: MPRDA 28 of 2002: prospecting right ≤ 5 years (s17(6)), renewable once ≤ 3 years (s18(4)); mining right ≤ 30 years (s23(6)), renewable ≤ 30 years at a time (s24(4))
Returns
- grantedYears
- Requested term, capped by the Act
- expiryDate
- Grant date + granted term
- renewalYears
- Longest single renewal
- expiryAfterOneRenewal
- Expiry if renewed once for the longest period
The example
{
"rightType": "mining",
"grantDate": "2026-03-01",
"requestedYears": 25
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-corporate-environmental--mining-law/mineral_right_term with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.
Disclosure steps and the mandatory offer · securities_thresholds
Try with the exampleWhich 5% disclosure steps does this change in holding cross, and does it trigger a mandatory offer?
Reference: Companies Act 71 of 2008 s122(1) (notify within three business days at 5%, 10%, 15% and every further whole multiple of 5%) and s123 (mandatory offer on acquiring 35% of the voting securities of a regulated company)
Returns
- thresholdsCrossed
- Multiples of 5% reached or fallen below
- mustNotify
- At least one threshold crossed
- mandatoryOffer
- Crossed up to 35% or more
The example
{
"percentBefore": 28,
"percentAfter": 36
}
Agents: POST /faculty/llm-corporate-environmental--mining-law/securities_thresholds with JSON {pan, …inputs} and the x-402-payment header. Manifest.