{
  "id": "competency:llm-corporate-environmental--mining-law",
  "code": "CDU-LAW-CEM-900",
  "level": "LLM",
  "name": "LLM Corporate, Environmental & Mining Law",
  "faculty": "Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management",
  "lineage": [
    {
      "institution": "Conquest Designer University",
      "year": 2026,
      "note": "authored from the brief and the South African statutes it names; no prior institution is claimed"
    }
  ],
  "researchProject": "The statute as a formula: royalty, solvency, tenure and control in South African mining companies",
  "description": "The parts of South African corporate and mining law that reduce to a calculation: the mineral royalty percentage for refined and unrefined resources, the solvency and liquidity test before a distribution, the term and renewal of prospecting and mining rights, and the beneficial-interest disclosure and mandatory-offer thresholds.",
  "syllabus": [
    "Mineral royalties: EBIT, gross sales, the refined and unrefined formulae and their caps (Royalty Act s4)",
    "Capital maintenance: the solvency and liquidity test for distributions (Companies Act ss4, 46)",
    "Mineral tenure: prospecting and mining rights, their terms and renewals (MPRDA)",
    "Control: 5% disclosure steps and the 35% mandatory offer (Companies Act ss122–123)"
  ],
  "reference": {
    "Royalty (refined)": "Y% = 0.5 + EBIT ÷ (gross sales × 12.5) × 100, at most 5%",
    "Royalty (unrefined)": "Y% = 0.5 + EBIT ÷ (gross sales × 9) × 100, at most 7%; never below 0.5%",
    "Solvency and liquidity": "assets ≥ liabilities, fairly valued; and able to pay debts as they fall due for 12 months (s4(1))",
    "Mineral rights": "prospecting: ≤ 5 years, renewable once ≤ 3; mining: ≤ 30 years, renewable ≤ 30 at a time",
    "Securities thresholds": "notify at every whole multiple of 5% (s122(1)); mandatory offer at 35% (s123)"
  },
  "role": "You are counsel to a South African mining company. Cite the section, apply it to the numbers, and distinguish what the statute decides from what needs the regulator, the Panel or a court.",
  "feeUsd": 1,
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "qualification": {
    "award": "LLM",
    "nqfLevel": 9,
    "qualificationType": "Master's Degree (HEQSF qualification type 9a)",
    "totalCredits": 180,
    "minCreditsAtExitLevel": 120,
    "iscedFields": [
      "042",
      "052"
    ],
    "standards": [
      "Council on Higher Education, Higher Education Qualifications Sub-Framework (HEQSF) — Master’s Degree, NQF level 9",
      "Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act 28 of 2008, s4 (royalty percentage)",
      "Companies Act 71 of 2008, s4 (solvency and liquidity), s122 (notice of beneficial interest), s123 (mandatory offers)",
      "Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, ss17, 18, 23, 24; National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998"
    ],
    "registration": "not registered"
  },
  "modules": [
    {
      "code": "CDU-LAW-CEM-900-901",
      "title": "Coursework — the executable units",
      "nqfLevel": 9,
      "credits": 60,
      "prerequisites": [],
      "coRequisites": [],
      "outcomes": [
        "answer every unit of the qualification against its published reference, with the working shown"
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "formative": [
          "worked examples re-run against the published reference",
          "seeded practice scenarios, deterministic per (pan, unit, attempt)"
        ],
        "summative": "every unit passed once through the seeded assessment (the seeded assessment room)",
        "passMark": 50,
        "subminimum": 40,
        "moderation": "internally assessed by the unit itself — its reference implementation is the marker; the working is published so anyone can re-run the mark (D-13.1 — no model marks anything)"
      },
      "unitIds": [
        "mineral_royalty",
        "solvency_liquidity",
        "mineral_right_term",
        "securities_thresholds"
      ],
      "notionalHours": 600
    },
    {
      "code": "CDU-LAW-CEM-900-902",
      "title": "Research report",
      "nqfLevel": 9,
      "credits": 120,
      "prerequisites": [
        "CDU-LAW-CEM-900-901"
      ],
      "coRequisites": [],
      "outcomes": [
        "The statute as a formula: royalty, solvency, tenure and control in South African mining companies"
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "formative": [
          "worked examples re-run against the published reference",
          "seeded practice scenarios, deterministic per (pan, unit, attempt)"
        ],
        "summative": "the research report, assessed against the qualification’s published reference block",
        "passMark": 50,
        "subminimum": 40,
        "moderation": "internally assessed by the unit itself — its reference implementation is the marker; the working is published so anyone can re-run the mark (D-13.1 — no model marks anything)"
      },
      "unitIds": [],
      "notionalHours": 1200
    }
  ],
  "units": [
    {
      "id": "mineral_royalty",
      "name": "Mineral royalty percentage and amount",
      "answers": "What royalty percentage and amount does the Royalty Act impose for this year’s gross sales and EBIT?",
      "example": {
        "condition": "refined",
        "grossSales": 500000000,
        "ebit": 120000000
      },
      "reference": "Mineral and Petroleum Resources Royalty Act 28 of 2008 s4: refined 0.5 + EBIT/(gross sales × 12.5) × 100, capped at 5%; unrefined × 9, capped at 7%",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "condition": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Condition of the mineral resource transferred",
            "oneOf": [
              "refined",
              "unrefined"
            ]
          },
          "grossSales": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Gross sales for the year (s6)",
            "min": 0.01
          },
          "ebit": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Earnings before interest and taxes as the Act defines it (s5); may be negative",
            "min": -1000000000000,
            "max": 1000000000000
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "royaltyPercentage": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Y%, between 0.5 and the cap"
          },
          "royalty": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Y% × gross sales"
          },
          "capped": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "The cap applied"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "solvency_liquidity",
      "name": "Solvency and liquidity test",
      "answers": "Would the company still satisfy the solvency and liquidity test immediately after this distribution, and what is the most it could distribute?",
      "example": {
        "assetsFairValue": 50000000,
        "liabilitiesFairValue": 32000000,
        "distribution": 5000000,
        "cashOnHand": 6000000,
        "inflowsNext12Months": 40000000,
        "debtsDueNext12Months": 39000000
      },
      "reference": "Companies Act 71 of 2008 s4(1)(a) (assets ≥ liabilities, fairly valued) and s4(1)(b) (able to pay debts as they become due for 12 months); s46(1)(b) (applied immediately after the distribution)",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "assetsFairValue": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Total assets, fairly valued",
            "min": 0
          },
          "liabilitiesFairValue": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Total liabilities, fairly valued",
            "min": 0
          },
          "distribution": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "The proposed distribution",
            "min": 0
          },
          "cashOnHand": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Cash and liquid resources now",
            "min": 0
          },
          "inflowsNext12Months": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Reasonably foreseeable inflows over 12 months",
            "min": 0
          },
          "debtsDueNext12Months": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Debts falling due in the ordinary course over 12 months",
            "min": 0
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "solventAfter": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "Assets − distribution ≥ liabilities"
          },
          "liquidAfter": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "Cash − distribution + inflows ≥ debts due"
          },
          "passes": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "Both limbs satisfied"
          },
          "maximumDistribution": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "The larger distribution both limbs would still allow"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mineral_right_term",
      "name": "Term and renewal of a mineral right",
      "answers": "For a prospecting or mining right granted on this date, when does it expire, and how far can renewal take it?",
      "example": {
        "rightType": "mining",
        "grantDate": "2026-03-01",
        "requestedYears": 25
      },
      "reference": "MPRDA 28 of 2002: prospecting right ≤ 5 years (s17(6)), renewable once ≤ 3 years (s18(4)); mining right ≤ 30 years (s23(6)), renewable ≤ 30 years at a time (s24(4))",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "rightType": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "The right granted",
            "oneOf": [
              "prospecting",
              "mining"
            ]
          },
          "grantDate": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Effective date of the right, YYYY-MM-DD"
          },
          "requestedYears": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Term applied for, whole years",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 100
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "grantedYears": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Requested term, capped by the Act"
          },
          "expiryDate": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Grant date + granted term"
          },
          "renewalYears": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Longest single renewal"
          },
          "expiryAfterOneRenewal": {
            "type": "string",
            "describe": "Expiry if renewed once for the longest period"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "securities_thresholds",
      "name": "Disclosure steps and the mandatory offer",
      "answers": "Which 5% disclosure steps does this change in holding cross, and does it trigger a mandatory offer?",
      "example": {
        "percentBefore": 28,
        "percentAfter": 36
      },
      "reference": "Companies Act 71 of 2008 s122(1) (notify within three business days at 5%, 10%, 15% and every further whole multiple of 5%) and s123 (mandatory offer on acquiring 35% of the voting securities of a regulated company)",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "percentBefore": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Beneficial interest before, % of the class",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 100
          },
          "percentAfter": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Beneficial interest after, % of the class",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 100
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "thresholdsCrossed": {
            "type": "number[]",
            "describe": "Multiples of 5% reached or fallen below"
          },
          "mustNotify": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "At least one threshold crossed"
          },
          "mandatoryOffer": {
            "type": "boolean",
            "describe": "Crossed up to 35% or more"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}