{
  "id": "competency:msc-agribusiness--water",
  "code": "CDU-AGR-AGW-900",
  "level": "MSc",
  "name": "MSc Agribusiness & Water",
  "faculty": "Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences",
  "lineage": [
    {
      "institution": "Conquest Designer University",
      "year": 2026,
      "note": "authored from the brief and FAO Irrigation and Drainage Papers 24, 56 and 66; no prior institution is claimed"
    }
  ],
  "researchProject": "The value of a cubic metre: reference evapotranspiration, irrigation need, water productivity and the farm gross margin",
  "description": "Crop water and the money it makes: daily reference evapotranspiration by FAO-56 Penman–Monteith, the net and gross irrigation requirement of a crop over a period, the physical and economic productivity of the water applied, and the gross margin, break-even yield and break-even price of an enterprise.",
  "syllabus": [
    "Reference evapotranspiration: radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, the psychrometric constant (FAO-56 ch. 2–4)",
    "Crop water requirement: Kc, effective rainfall, application efficiency (FAO-56 ch. 6; FAO-24)",
    "Water productivity: kg per m³, revenue and margin per m³ (FAO-66)",
    "Enterprise budgets: revenue, variable costs, gross margin, break-even yield and price"
  ],
  "reference": {
    "FAO-56 ET0": "[0.408·Δ·(Rn − G) + γ·(900 ÷ (T + 273))·u2·(es − ea)] ÷ [Δ + γ·(1 + 0.34·u2)] (eq. 6)",
    "Vapour pressure": "e°(T) = 0.6108·exp(17.27T ÷ (T + 237.3)); ea = [e°(Tmin)·RHmax + e°(Tmax)·RHmin] ÷ 200 (eq. 17)",
    "Psychrometric constant": "γ = 0.665 × 10⁻³ × P; P = 101.3·((293 − 0.0065z) ÷ 293)^5.26",
    "Irrigation requirement": "ETc = Kc·ET0; net = ETc − effective rain; gross = net ÷ efficiency; 1 mm on 1 ha = 10 m³",
    "Gross margin": "yield × price − variable costs"
  },
  "role": "You are an agricultural water engineer and agribusiness adviser speaking to a grower. Weather, soil and water first; then the calculation; then the next affordable decision about water and the crop.",
  "feeUsd": 1,
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "qualification": {
    "award": "MSc",
    "nqfLevel": 9,
    "qualificationType": "Master's Degree (HEQSF qualification type 9a)",
    "totalCredits": 180,
    "minCreditsAtExitLevel": 120,
    "iscedFields": [
      "081",
      "052"
    ],
    "standards": [
      "Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998) Crop evapotranspiration — Guidelines for computing crop water requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56",
      "Doorenbos, J. & Pruitt, W. O. (1977) Crop water requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24 — application efficiency",
      "Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., Fereres, E. & Raes, D. (2012) Crop yield response to water, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 66 — water productivity"
    ],
    "registration": "not registered"
  },
  "modules": [
    {
      "code": "CDU-AGR-AGW-900-901",
      "title": "Coursework — the executable units",
      "nqfLevel": 9,
      "credits": 60,
      "prerequisites": [],
      "coRequisites": [],
      "outcomes": [
        "answer every unit of the qualification against its published reference, with the working shown"
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "formative": [
          "worked examples re-run against the published reference",
          "seeded practice scenarios, deterministic per (pan, unit, attempt)"
        ],
        "summative": "every unit passed once through the seeded assessment (the seeded assessment room)",
        "passMark": 50,
        "subminimum": 40,
        "moderation": "internally assessed by the unit itself — its reference implementation is the marker; the working is published so anyone can re-run the mark (D-13.1 — no model marks anything)"
      },
      "unitIds": [
        "et0_penman_monteith",
        "irrigation_requirement",
        "water_productivity",
        "gross_margin"
      ],
      "notionalHours": 600
    },
    {
      "code": "CDU-AGR-AGW-900-902",
      "title": "Research report",
      "nqfLevel": 9,
      "credits": 120,
      "prerequisites": [
        "CDU-AGR-AGW-900-901"
      ],
      "coRequisites": [],
      "outcomes": [
        "The value of a cubic metre: reference evapotranspiration, irrigation need, water productivity and the farm gross margin"
      ],
      "assessment": {
        "formative": [
          "worked examples re-run against the published reference",
          "seeded practice scenarios, deterministic per (pan, unit, attempt)"
        ],
        "summative": "the research report, assessed against the qualification’s published reference block",
        "passMark": 50,
        "subminimum": 40,
        "moderation": "internally assessed by the unit itself — its reference implementation is the marker; the working is published so anyone can re-run the mark (D-13.1 — no model marks anything)"
      },
      "unitIds": [],
      "notionalHours": 1200
    }
  ],
  "units": [
    {
      "id": "et0_penman_monteith",
      "name": "Reference evapotranspiration (FAO-56 Penman–Monteith)",
      "answers": "How much water does the reference grass surface lose on this day, in mm?",
      "example": {
        "tMax": 21.5,
        "tMin": 12.3,
        "rhMax": 84,
        "rhMin": 63,
        "windSpeed2m": 2.078,
        "netRadiation": 13.28,
        "soilHeatFlux": 0,
        "altitude": 100
      },
      "reference": "Allen et al. (1998) FAO-56 eq. 6 (daily ET0), eq. 7–8 (P, γ), eq. 11–13 (es, Δ), eq. 17 (ea from RHmax and RHmin); worked Example 18 (Brussels, 6 July) gives 3.9 mm/day",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "tMax": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Maximum air temperature, °C",
            "min": -40,
            "max": 60
          },
          "tMin": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Minimum air temperature, °C",
            "min": -50,
            "max": 50
          },
          "rhMax": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Maximum relative humidity, %",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 100
          },
          "rhMin": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Minimum relative humidity, %",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 100
          },
          "windSpeed2m": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Wind speed at 2 m, m/s",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 30
          },
          "netRadiation": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Net radiation Rn, MJ/m²/day",
            "min": -10,
            "max": 40
          },
          "soilHeatFlux": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Soil heat flux G, MJ/m²/day (≈ 0 for a day)",
            "min": -10,
            "max": 10,
            "default": 0
          },
          "altitude": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Elevation above sea level, m",
            "min": -500,
            "max": 6000
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "et0": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Reference evapotranspiration, mm/day"
          },
          "vapourPressureDeficit": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "es − ea, kPa"
          },
          "slope": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Δ, kPa/°C"
          },
          "psychrometricConstant": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "γ, kPa/°C"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "irrigation_requirement",
      "name": "Net and gross irrigation requirement",
      "answers": "Over this period, how much water does the crop need from irrigation, at the field and at the source?",
      "example": {
        "et0": 5.2,
        "cropCoefficient": 1.15,
        "days": 30,
        "effectiveRainfall": 40,
        "applicationEfficiency": 0.75
      },
      "reference": "FAO-56 ch. 6 (single crop coefficient: ETc = Kc·ET0); FAO-24 (application efficiency); 1 mm over 1 ha = 10 m³",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "et0": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Mean reference ET over the period, mm/day",
            "min": 0,
            "max": 20
          },
          "cropCoefficient": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Kc for the growth stage",
            "min": 0.05,
            "max": 2
          },
          "days": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Days in the period",
            "min": 1,
            "max": 366
          },
          "effectiveRainfall": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Effective rainfall over the period, mm",
            "min": 0
          },
          "applicationEfficiency": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Irrigation application efficiency, 0–1",
            "min": 0.1,
            "max": 1
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "cropEt": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "ETc over the period, mm"
          },
          "netRequirement": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "ETc − effective rain (not below 0), mm"
          },
          "grossRequirement": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Net ÷ efficiency, mm"
          },
          "volumePerHectare": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Gross × 10, m³/ha"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "water_productivity",
      "name": "Physical and economic water productivity",
      "answers": "How much crop, revenue and margin does each cubic metre of water produce?",
      "example": {
        "yieldKgPerHa": 9000,
        "waterM3PerHa": 6000,
        "pricePerKg": 3.2,
        "variableCostPerHa": 18000
      },
      "reference": "FAO-66 (Steduto et al. 2012): crop water productivity in kg per m³ of water consumed; economic productivity as value per m³",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "yieldKgPerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Marketable yield, kg/ha",
            "min": 0
          },
          "waterM3PerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Water applied and effective rain, m³/ha",
            "min": 0.01
          },
          "pricePerKg": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Farm-gate price per kg",
            "min": 0
          },
          "variableCostPerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Variable costs per ha",
            "min": 0
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "kgPerM3": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Yield ÷ water"
          },
          "revenuePerM3": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Revenue ÷ water"
          },
          "grossMarginPerM3": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "(Revenue − variable costs) ÷ water"
          }
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "gross_margin",
      "name": "Enterprise gross margin and break-evens",
      "answers": "What gross margin does this enterprise earn, and at what yield or price does it only just cover its variable costs?",
      "example": {
        "yieldPerHa": 6.5,
        "pricePerUnit": 4200,
        "variableCostPerHa": 19500,
        "hectares": 120
      },
      "reference": "Farm-management enterprise budgeting (gross margin = output value − variable costs); Kay, Edwards & Duffy, Farm Management",
      "signature": {
        "input": {
          "yieldPerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Yield per hectare (t or units)",
            "min": 0.0001
          },
          "pricePerUnit": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Price per unit of yield",
            "min": 0.0001
          },
          "variableCostPerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Variable costs per hectare",
            "min": 0
          },
          "hectares": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Area planted",
            "min": 0
          }
        },
        "output": {
          "revenuePerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Yield × price"
          },
          "grossMarginPerHa": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Revenue − variable costs"
          },
          "totalGrossMargin": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Per-ha margin × hectares"
          },
          "breakevenYield": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Variable costs ÷ price"
          },
          "breakevenPrice": {
            "type": "number",
            "describe": "Variable costs ÷ yield"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}